BRYMO'S TAKE

Kenya’s 2024 protests, centered around the controversial Finance Bill, have drawn international attention due to their intensity and broad socio-economic implications. The protests were sparked by the Kenyan government’s proposal of the Finance Bill 2024, which included significant tax hikes aimed at increasing the tax-to-GDP ratio from 13.5% to 20% by 2027. The bill proposed an “Eco Levy” on environmentally harmful imports, VAT on previously exempt essential items like bread and diapers, increased excise duties on alcohol, cigarettes, and fuel, and new taxes on digital and financial transactions. These measures were seen as excessively punitive, particularly in a country where the cost of living was already high. Public outcry on social media quickly translated into street protests, with citizens demanding the bill’s withdrawal and broader governmental accountability.

Despite the government’s initial resistance, the protests achieved several notable outcomes. The most significant was the partial amendment of the Finance Bill, with the removal of some of its most contentious clauses, including the motor vehicle recirculation tax and VAT on remittances and raw materials for manufacturing diapers. This concession highlighted the power of collective action. Furthermore, the protests forced the government to recognize the populace’s discontent, leading President William Ruto to withhold his signature from the bill temporarily. The protests also saw significant involvement of the youth, indicating a growing political consciousness among Kenya’s younger generation, which could drive future democratic engagements.

The protests were not without their pains. Violence and loss of life were significant, with clashes between protesters and police resulting in several deaths and numerous injuries. The demonstrations also caused significant disruptions in major cities, affecting businesses and daily activities, which further strained an already struggling economy. However, the gains were substantial. The amendments to the Finance Bill can be seen as a victory for the protesters, demonstrating the power of collective action. The protests have also fostered a stronger sense of civic duty and political engagement among Kenyans, particularly the youth.

The Kenyan protests highlight several important lessons for other African nations. They demonstrate the power of unity and social media in mobilizing the masses quickly and effectively. The active participation of young people underscores the critical role youth can play in political movements, encouraging other nations to harness this demographic’s potential. The protests set a precedent for demanding government transparency and accountability, encouraging other African citizens to hold their governments to higher standards.

Evaluating the worth of the protests involves balancing the achieved policy changes and increased political engagement against the human and economic costs incurred. While the violence and disruption were significant, the protest’s ability to force policy reconsideration and galvanize civic participation arguably justifies the struggle. Kenya’s economy is characterized by moderate growth, hindered by high levels of debt and unemployment. The government’s push for increased tax revenues through the Finance Bill was intended to address these issues but faced backlash due to the perceived unfair burden on ordinary citizens.

To move forward, Kenya needs a multifaceted approach. Engaging diverse stakeholders, including opposition parties and civil society, in policy formulation can ensure more balanced and acceptable economic measures. Investing in sectors such as technology, manufacturing, and agriculture can create jobs and reduce dependency on taxation. Additionally, enhancing transparency and reducing corruption can ensure that public funds are utilized effectively, thereby building public trust.

The 2024 protests in Kenya underscore the critical need for governments to balance fiscal policy with social equity. While the protests have brought about some positive changes, they also serve as a reminder of the ongoing challenges in achieving economic and political stability. The lessons learned from Kenya’s experience can serve as a valuable guide for other African nations striving for democracy and equitable governance.